Understanding Parasocial Relationships – & Why They Happen

We all have people we idolise – whether that is our favourite actress or someone who’s style we really admire. However, things can start to spiral out of control when we develop parasocial relationships to these people. Parasocial relationships are one sided emotional bonds that people may have with predominant figures in the media, for example, singers, actors, influencers, or even fictional characters. These relationships feel very real and personal to the viewer, and while mild parasocial relationships pose no real threat, it’s when we start to take things too far that problems arise. 

Think about the creator you follow who’s been sharing their daily routine. Or the celebrity whose podcast you adore listening to on your commute. Or the actor who recently ended their marriage, and is sharing their feelings on the internet.

We are constantly being fed a stream of media, whether it’s through Instagram or TikTok, and this constant exposure can make us feel like me really know the people we watch. This creates an illusion to us viewers that we are a part of their lives, even though the relationship is completely one sided. Parasocial relationships aren’t real relationships – they are imaginary. Delusion, to a certain extent, is normal, but feeling overly emotionally entrenched with them can lead to separate problems long term. 

People can start to believe that they are entitled to a celebrity’s time, energy and personal life. This can lead to over obsessive behaviours, unrealistic expectations in their day to day life, and disappointment over time if the idol doesn’t act in the way the viewer had imagined. 

i will never not be parasocial about ariana

— bells (@gelphiedefender) October 24, 2025

As well as these relationships being demonstrated through real people in the media, parasocial relationships can also be formed through fictional characters. This can predominantly be seen through reading books in the first person as it can make the reader feel a lot more emotionally connected to the character from the “I” and “we” pronouns at use. If readers become too emotionally obsessed with these characters, they may start to neglect real life relationships and just hone in on the fake, one sided relationships in their head.  

Companies and brands have taken notice of these parasocial relationships and often use them to influence consumer’s behaviour. They know that fans will trust these celebrities’ endorsements and will use that trust to increase their sales. These companies will thoughtfully craft these sponsorship deals or product placements to latch onto this one-sided loyalty, knowing that fans may feel a personal obligation to support “their” celebrity. 

Parasocial relationships are most commonly seen during teenage years to around the early twenties. This is due to the person’s social and emotional skills still developing, and so they may find a sort of comfort in these idols – especially if they relate to them in some way. Think K-pop stars, your favourite singer, or a podcaster who appeals to the younger generation. 

However, like everything, parasocial relationships aren’t always bad. Fans can feel companionship and understanding from their favourite media figures, especially during times of loneliness or stress. For example, a character in a book who shares a personal experience similar to their own can provide a sense of understanding and make them feel less alone. Idols can also be positive role models for people, inspiring people to take risks and step out of their own regular comfort zones.  

To prevent harmful parasocial relationships, it is important to remember that these celebrities are human beings – with real human emotions and problems. You can admire someone and idolise them, but there is a point at which certain lines and boundaries should be kept in mind and not crossed.  

Overall, parasocial relationships are a natural part of our lives due to our modern media consumption. While they can become harmful if taken too far, they also have positive effects such as inspiring people and being someone to relate to. By understanding the one-sided nature of these relationships and keeping healthy boundaries in mind, people can enjoy the comfort and motivation they offer without letting them overthrow our real-life connections we make. 

Just make sure to keep yourself grounded in the real world while you’re at it.

 Words by Ciara Martin